There are many great reasons to scuba dive, but the one that most
captures people's imagination is marine wildlife. From
schools of tropical fish to sharks, tropical seas house an impressive chunk of
Earth's life that most people only ever see on the Discovery channel. Still, as
a diver, I firmly believe that swimming with a school of fish or sharing a
manta ray's habitat for a few minutes is about more than recreation.
Seeing the ocean animals in their natural habitat makes them seem
more real and worth protecting than any TV program could. At each of these five
incredible destinations, divers can get up close and interact with some of the
planet's most powerful and beautiful animals. The action is just below the
surface at many of these sites, so even novice divers can participate.
1. Palau - There are a whole host of good reasons to dive in Palau, a tiny
island nation in the south Pacific. The islands have been famous as a wreck
diving site since 1969, when Jacques Cousteau came to Palau's Chuuk Lagoon in
1969 to film the wreckage of Japan's Pacific fleet, most of which sunk there
during World War II. The wrecks have since been colonized by a variety of
marine life that includes corals, rays, turtles, and over 200 species of fish.
Above all, Palau is known for it's sharks, with some 130
threatened species inhabiting the islands. To protect the islands' ecosystem,
Palau's government in 2009 named the country's waters a 'shark sanctuary',
banning all commercial shark harvesting. Divers are likely to run into grey
reef sharks, whitetips, and other
species patrolling both wrecks and wall sites
like Blue Corner.
2. The Great Barrier Reef - While most Americans would be hard-pressed to find Palau on a
map, even non-divers know the Great Barrier Reef. Running nearly 1,500 miles
down the eastern coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is the largest reef
in the world and is said to be visible from space. To go with its size, the
Great Barrier Reef has an almost unfathomably large collection of sea life.
Besides moray eels, wrasse, and other common coral-dwellers, rarer creatures
like giant clams and sea snakes abound.
Visiting
the Great Barrier Reef by car is a good alternative for those who aren't
willing to commit to a liveaboard: the GBR is probably the world's most road
trip-friendly reef, and many people choose to town-hop down the coast, doing
their diving by day boat. From Cairns on the reef's northern end, divers can
catch a boat out to Hamilton Reef, a favorite spot for marine mammals like
dolphins and Minke whales. Moving south, Townsville is the base for trips to
the SS Yongala, a 1911 wreck-turned-reef that now sports turtles, large sea
snakes, and other super-sized animals. Gladstone, located further south, is the
connection point for boats to Heron Island, said to have some of the best
diving on the GBR.
See more photos at Australia Photos
3. Galapagos Islands - Known for inspiring Darwin's theory of evolution, Ecuador's
Galapagos Islands are now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a reserve for one of
the world's largest populations of endemic wildlife. With the waters around the
islands protected, the local fish have very little fear of humans, and many
will even approach divers. Sea lions, turtles, and manta rays are everywhere,
and starfish, sea cucumbers, and Galapagos crabs seem to cover the sand in some
spots. Sharks, including hammerheads, are common but not dangerous. Diving in
Galapagos is tricky, and really only for experienced divers.
The islands are unusual for the tropics in that most of the diving
is on volcanic drop-offs instead of coral reefs, so dive sites are deep and
very exposed to ocean currents. Thanks to the Antarctic Humboldt current, which
passes by the islands, the water is unusually cold for the equator; a 7mm
wetsuit is standard gear. If you're planning on going to Galapagos, keep in
mind that all visitors, whether Ecuadorian or foreign, need an INGALA transit
card to visit the islands; the card costs $10 for foreigners and must be
purchased before going to Galapagos. Visitors also have to pay a park fee ($100
for foreigners) upon arrival in the islands.
See more articles about Ecuador and
the Galapagos Islands and photos of Ecuador
4. Cocos Island, Costa Rica - Costa Rica is famous as an eco-tourism destination, and few
places in the country are better for it than Cocos Island, a rainforest-covered
spot of land 340 miles off Costa Rica's Pacific shore. Accessible only by
liveaboard, Cocos is one of the largest uninhabited islands outside of the
Arctic: the only residents are a group of about 30 park rangers. While visitors
can land for day hikes and other activities, they have to be off the island by
nightfall.
Cocos is an oceanic island, so visitors can expect to see an
eclectic mix of animals, including octopuses,hawksbill
turtles, tuna, and hammerhead and whitetip sharks. The island is especially
famous for whale sharks, most often sighted in deep, off-shore sites like Dirty
Rock, a 100-yard-wide underwater channel northwest of the island. As in
Galapagos, the diving in Cocos is generally on the deep side and in strong
current, so it's not for beginners. With sea kayaking and whale-watching nearby,
divers shouldn't have a hard time keeping themselves occupied during surface
intervals.
5. The Red Sea - Europeans have been diving the Red Sea for decades, but it's
only been in the past few years that American divers have begun to join them.
The 1,200-mile-long sliver of water has an impressive variety of habitats
available for divers to visit, from coral reefs in the south to deep walls and
wrecks in the north. The Egyptian city of Sharm El-Sheik has become the base
for Red Sea diving; from there, visitors can board a liveaboard or take day
trips to coastal sites.
The extra-saline Red Sea's marine life is much like that found in
the Indian Ocean, with a few endemic species like the blue-cheek butterflyfish
thrown in for good measure. There are loads of sponge and coral species,
dolphins, sharks, and tropical fish like anthias and clownfish. At 1,200 miles
long, there's plenty of Red Sea to explore, and divers may even need multiple
days to exhaust the possibilities at enormous offshore sites like Daedalus
Reef.
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